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侵染苹果的尖孢镰刀菌鉴定与室内药剂筛选
发表时间：2016-11-15 浏览量：1884 下载量：456
| 全部作者： | 王小青，刘悦，孔宝华，张智远，杨毅娟，陈敏，李永清，石安宪，马仲飞，彭德青，曹克强，马钧 |
| 作者单位： | 云南农业大学植物保护学院，农业生物多样性与病虫害控制教育部重点实验室；昭通市植保植检站；昭通市昭阳区农业局；云南省宁蒗县园艺站；河北农业大学植物保护学院，国家苹果产业技术体系病虫害防控研究室；6. 云南省农业科学院园艺作物研究所 |
| 摘 要： | 采集昭通苹果根部坏死、腐烂症状的病株进行分离培养与鉴定，结果表明，病原菌菌落为白色，病原菌菌丝为有隔菌丝，观察到镰刀形分生孢子和圆形、椭圆形小型分生孢子。利用真菌ITS基因序列测序进行分子鉴定，利用NCBI中的BLAST对以上序列进行序列同源性检索，结果证实此序列为尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum Schl.）。对苹果叶片离体接种进行致病性测定，结果证明所分离鉴定的病原具有侵染性。从症状、病原特性和病原菌ITS基因序列综合分析，本试验是首次在国内鉴定侵染苹果的尖孢镰刀菌。利用抑菌圈法开展侵染昭通苹果的尖孢镰刀菌的室内药剂筛选，将（25%氢烯菌酯、30%噁霉灵、25%咯菌腈、50%福美双、40%腈菌唑、50%多菌灵、40%菌核净）7种药剂进行抑制对比筛选，结果表明：25%咯菌腈、50%福美双对苹果尖孢镰刀菌有较好的杀菌作用，但也不能完全杀灭；40%腈菌唑、40%菌核净杀菌效果一般；25%氢烯菌酯、30%噁霉灵、50%多菌灵杀菌效果不明显。试验所选的7种药剂在抑制苹果尖孢镰刀菌菌丝生长的过程中，毒力大小存在较大的差异。 |
| 关 键 词： | 植物保护学；苹果树；尖孢镰刀菌；鉴定；药剂筛选 |
| Title： | Identification of Fusarium oxysporum infecting apple and fungicides screening in laboratory |
| Author： | WANG Xiaoqing, LIU Yue, KONG Baohua, ZHANG Zhiyuan, YANG Yijuan, CHEN Min, LI Yongqing, SHI Anxian, MA Zhongfei, PENG Deqing, CAO Keqiang5, MA Jun |
| Organization： | Key Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Pest Management, Ministry of Education; Zhaotong Plant Protection and Quarantine Station; Zhaotong Zhaoyang Agricultural Administration Bureau; Yunnan Ninglang Horticultual Crops Research and Extension Station; Research Laboratory on Pest Control, State Specialist Group on Apple Industry, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University; Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences |
| Abstract： | Apple trees in Zhaotong region showing symptoms of necrosis and root rot were collected, isolated and cultured on potato dextrose agar medium. The colonies of pathogens were white. The septate hypha, sickle-shaped conidiums, circular and oval small conidiums were observed under microscopy. The sequence of the pathogen was identified as Fusarium oxysporum Schl. by conducting PCR with primers designed using the ITS gene sequence of fungus and analyzing sequences in BLAST in NCBI. From the analysis of pathogenic symptoms, pathogenic characteristics and ITS gene sequence, the pathogen was identified as F. oxysporum infection of apple (F. oxysporum Schl.). The pathogenicity of apple leaves in vitro was tested. The results showed that the isolated and identified pathogens were infectious. Seven kinds of fungicides (25% Hydrogen bacteria ester, 30% Hymexazol, 25% Fludioxonil, 50% Thiram, 40% Myclobutanil, 50% Carbendazim, 40% Dimethachlon) were screened with inhibition zone method. The results show that 25% Fludioxonil, 50% Thiram have effective inhibit result, but they can not completely kill pathogen. The effect of 40% Myclobutanil, 40% Dimethachlon is middle, and 25% Hydrogen bacteria ester, 30% Hymexazol, 50% Carbendazim sterilize effect is not obvious. The experiment chooses seven kinds fungicides have great difference in toxicity for stopping growth of hypha of F. oxysporum Schl. |
| Key words： | plant protection; apple tree; Fusarium oxysporum Schl.; identification; fungicides screening |
| 发表期数： | 2016年11月第21期 |
| 引用格式： | 王小青，刘悦，孔宝华，等. 侵染苹果的尖孢镰刀菌鉴定与室内药剂筛选[J]. 中国科技论文在线精品论文，2016，9（21）：2211-2218. |
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