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水稻游离核的分裂和细胞化
发表时间：2013-09-15 浏览量：1276 下载量：396
| 全部作者： | 王忠，顾蕴洁，郑彦坤 |
| 作者单位： | 扬州大学生物科学与技术学院 |
| 摘 要： | 为探讨核型胚乳游离核的分裂和细胞化过程，以花后2～3 d的水稻受精子房为材料，采用整体解剖、树脂切片等方法，用光镜和电镜观察游离核的分裂和细胞化过程中胚乳组织的结构变化。得到如下结果：1） 水稻胚乳游离核与细胞的分裂具有多样性，既有有丝分裂，又有无丝分裂，并发现有丝分裂后的子核可不经间期立即进行无丝分裂；2） 水稻胚乳的初始垂周壁与初始平周壁的前体均来自成膜体产生的细胞板；3） 水稻胚乳囊的内层细胞始终为无切向壁的开放细胞，开放细胞在胚乳进一步发育过程中消亡；4） 发现在细胞化的胚乳细胞中有一种内含多个小囊泡的液泡，它同质膜融合后，将其中的小囊泡释放到细胞壁中去。由于这种液泡参与细胞壁的形成和扩展，故将其称为成壁泡。 |
| 关 键 词： | 植物学；水稻；游离核；成膜体；有丝分裂；无丝分裂；细胞化；成壁泡 |
| Title： | Division and cellularization of free nuclei in rice |
| Author： | WANG Zhong, GU Yunjie, ZHENG Yankun |
| Organization： | College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University |
| Abstract： | In order to explore the division and cellularization of the nuclear endosperm, the fertilized rice ovaries at 2-3 days after florescence were used as experimental materials in this paper. The configuration changes of endosperm tissues during division and cellularization process of free nuclei were observed under light and electron microscopes with methods of total dissection, resin-slicing, and so on. The results were as follows: 1) The divisions of endosperm free nuclei and cells in rice had various ways, including mitosis and amitosis. It was also found that the daughter nuclei from mitosis could start amitosis division immediately without interphase; 2) The precursors of the initial anticlinal cell walls and the initial periclinal cell walls of the rice endosperm both came from the cell plates, formed from phragmoplasts; 3) The inner layer cells of the rice endosperm sac were open cells without tangential walls all along. The open cells degenerated when the endosperm developed further; 4) A kind of multi-vesicle vacuoles in cellularization endosperm cells was discovered. After the vacuoles fused with the plasma membrane, those vesicles were released into cell walls. These vacuoles were called “cell wall formation vesicles” for their participation in cell wall formation and expansion. |
| Key words： | botany; rice; free nuclei; phragmoplast; mitosis; amitosis; cellularization; cell wall formation vesicle |
| 发表期数： | 2013年9月第17期 |
| 引用格式： | 王忠，顾蕴洁，郑彦坤. 水稻游离核的分裂和细胞化[J]. 中国科技论文在线精品论文，2013，6（17）：1632-1644. |
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