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关于水稻胚乳淀粉体发育的研究

发表时间:2012-09-15  浏览量:18772  下载量:8961
全部作者: 王忠,顾蕴洁,王敏,郑彦坤,刘智,王慧慧
作者单位: 扬州大学生物科学与技术学院
摘 要: 以扬稻6号水稻为材料,精确标记颖果发育天数,观测颖果的生长;采取树脂包埋法制作切片,用光镜和电镜观察胚乳细胞的结构,研究淀粉体的发育过程。实验结果表明:1) 水稻胚乳表层细胞具有组织原细胞的特性,胚乳表层细胞的平周分裂使胚乳组织从中心向四周扩展。处在胚乳内层的细胞发育为内胚乳细胞,而表层细胞转化为糊粉层细胞。2) 水稻胚乳淀粉体为复粒淀粉体,即1个淀粉体中含有数个淀粉粒。发育初期,淀粉体形态呈球形或椭球形;发育后期,淀粉体形态呈现多面体形。3) 水稻胚乳淀粉体以出芽胞或缢缩等方式分裂。一个淀粉体能分裂为2个或多个淀粉体,母淀粉体中的淀粉粒也随之被分配到子淀粉体中。4) 内胚乳细胞的细胞核会随着细胞内淀粉体的扩展而衰亡,而此时淀粉体仍在膨大生长。由此表明,淀粉体的发育具有自主性。5) 淀粉体发育与胚乳某些品质形成有关,淀粉体发育不良是稻米胚乳产生垩白的原因。
关 键 词: 植物学;水稻;胚乳;淀粉体;发育;品质;垩白
Title: Investigation of amyloplast development in rice endosperm
Author: WANG Zhong, GU Yunjie, WANG Min, ZHENG Yankun, LIU Zhi, WANG Huihui
Organization: College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University
Abstract: In this research, the rice Yangdao 6 is used as the experimental material with its caryopsis development days carefully recorded and its caryopsis development closely observed. Endosperm cell structures and amyloplast development are studied by embedding the samples in resins, followed by cutting the resins into thin sections, and then observing the samples under light and electron microscopes. The results are as follows: 1) Rice endosperm epidermal cells have the characters of initial cells. The periclinal division of rice endosperm epidermic cells makes endosperm extend from the center to the periphery. The inner endosperm cells are differentiated into starch endosperm, while the epidermic cells are differentiated into aleurone cells. 2) Rice endosperm amyloplasts are multi-granular amyloplasts (one amyloplast contains several starch granules). The shape of an amyloplast is spherical or elliptic during the early development stage, but turns to polyhedric during the late development stage. 3) Rice endosperm amyloplasts can divide in the way of envelope protrusion or constriction et al. An amyloplast can divide into two or several filial amyloplasts, and accordingly, starch granules of the maternal amyloplast are distributed to filial amyloplasts. 4) Nuclei of starch endosperm cells degenerate with the extension of amyloplasts, while amyloplasts are still enlarging and growing. This shows that amyloplasts develop independently. 5) Amyloplast development affects certain qualities of endosperm. Maldevelopment of amyloplasts is the cause of the chalkiness of rice endosperm.
Key words: botany; rice; endosperm; amyloplast; development; quality; chalkiness
发表期数: 2012年9月第17期
引用格式: 王忠,顾蕴洁,王敏,等. 关于水稻胚乳淀粉体发育的研究[J]. 中国科技论文在线精品论文,2012,5(17):1601-1614.
 
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